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Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News

Citations

Butter, M. (2014). Plots, Designs, and Schemes: American Conspiracy Theories from the Puritans to the Present. De Gruyter: Germany.

Caulfield, M. (2019). SIFT (The Four Moves). Retrieved from https://hapgood.us/2019/06/19/sift-the-four-moves/​

Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2017). Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence. PLoS ONE, 12(5), 1-21.​

Cook, J. (March 31, 2020). A history of FLICC: the 5 techniques of science denial. Skeptical Science. Retrieved from https://skepticalscience.com/history-FLICC-5-techniques-science-denial.html. ​

Government of Canada. (2024). Online disinformation. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/campaign/online-disinformation.html

Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J. (2020). The Conspiracy Theory Handbook. Retrieved from https://skepticalscience.com/conspiracy-theory-handbook-downloads-translations.html

Ungvarsky, J. (2023). Disinformation. Salem Press Encyclopedia.

University of Calgary. (2024). Building Resilience to Misinformation: An Instructional Toolkit. Retrieved from https://libguides.ucalgary.ca/c.php?g=731350&p=5252749

Wardle, C, Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making . Retrieved from: https://edoc.coe.int/en/media/7495-information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-research-and-policy-making.html